Gear-cutting and mobbing machine



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u, H. E. & P. L. EBERHARDT. GEAR CUTTING AND HOBBING MACHINE.

No. 510,122. Patented Dec.5,1893.

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U., H. & L. EBERHARDT. GEAR CUTTING AND HOBBING MACHINE.

Patented Dec. 5, 1893.

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- (No Modl.) 4 SheetsSheet 3'. U., H. E. 8; P. L. EBERHARDT. GEARCUTTING AND HOBBING MAGHINB.

Patented Dec. 5, 1893.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4. U., H. E. 8: P. L. EBERHARDT. GEARCUTTING-AND HOBBING MACHINE.

Patented Dec. 5, 1893.

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UNITED STATES Fries.

PATENT ULRICH EBERHARDT, HENRY E. EBERHARDT, AND FRED L. EBERHARDT, OFNEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

GEAR-CUTTING AN D H OBBING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 510,122, dated December5, 1893. Application filed March 9, 1893. Serial No. 465,228- (Nomodel.)

.To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, ULRICH EBERHARDT, HENRY-E. EBERHARDT, and FRED L.EBER- HARDT,oitizens of the United States, residing at Newark, Essexcounty, New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inGear-Outtingand HobbingMachines, fully described and represented in thefollowing specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part ofthe same.

This invention relates to certain improvements in the mechanism forholding and driving the cutter, in the means for varying the speed ofthe worm which shifts the blank, in means for supporting the outer endof the mandrel which carries the blank, in means for raising andlowering the mandrel head by power, and in various other attachmentshereinafter described. I

In the drawings annexed, Figure 1 is a plan of a gear cutter providedwith our improvements, the top of the casing over the feed gears beingremoved to exhibit the same, and the column being shown without themandrel head or 'worm Wheel. Fig. 2 is a side eleva- Fig. 3 is a plan ofthe cas- Fig. 4 is an end view of the same. Fig. 5 is a front view ofthe same. Fig. 6 is a cross section of the same taken on line w, 00, inFig. 5. Fig. 7 is a sec tion of part of the casing through the bearing11 Fig. 8 is an elevation of the bottom of the column E with the gearingto raise and lower? the mandrel head; and Fig. 9 is a dotted view uponan enlarged scale of the rotary nut b.

The machine is constructed with a horizontal bed A surrounded at thebase by a pan B and a cutter head or carriage Dis fitted to Ways 0 uponthe top of the bed.

The column E is mounted upon one end of the bed and provided with amandrel head F carrying a shaft or arbor Gr having a worm wheel H uponits outer end.- The head F is movable vertically by means of screw Q,and suitable gearing.

A feed screw or is-secured to the carriage D and projected through arotary nut b mounted in bearing 19 at the outer end of the bed, andprovided with a feed gearcupon its outer friction upon a circular platewhich is pressed toward the same by a spring. Such plate operates torotate the shaft when the worm shaft I is released by the intermittentoperation of the locking device, which is usually applied to the changewheels.

The shaft or arbor G is provided, upon its outer end, with a chuck B tohold the mandrel. A'frame G is fixed to the rear end of the bearing F tocarry the bearings G of the worm shaft I, and to support the studs I forthe primarv change wheels 1 Upon the frame G is fixed a bearing G3 foran auxiliary shaft 1, which is connected with the worm shaft I bysecondary change wheels I An aperture 0' is formed inthecutter head withbearings N at its opposite sides to sustain the cutter spindle, which isformed in two sections N and n. The 'sections are connected by athreaded joint formed of a socket '0 upon the section I and a threadedstud 0 upon the section n. The end of the section N extends only partWay across the aperture O, to permit the removal of the cutter betweenthe end of such section and the outer bearing N This is effected byunscrewing the sections at the threaded joint, which is done by applyinga wrench to the head 07. of the movable section, and withdrawing thesame entirely out of its bearing, as indicated by the arrow :0 inFig. 1. When the sections of the spindle are screwedtogether, the cutteris clamped between the shoulders 2 provided upon the same, with collarsz inserted to compensate for variations in the cutters. By suchconstruction we are enabled to use bearings upon bothsides of thecutter, and to remove the cutter from the spindle N without taking thelatter from its bearings. The section N is connected, upon the outerend, by change wheels 1) and bevel gears D with the shaft L.

To rotate the worm 1 simultaneously with the cutter spindle N, a shaft Pis fixed transversely upon the carriage D in suitable bearings, andconnected at one end with the gears 'U by cog-wheels 11 A swivel bracketU is j ournaled to the outer end of the shaft P and provided withbearings for bevel gears U.

A spline shaft P is fitted movably to one of the bevel gears U, and isconnected at the opposite end by a swivel bearing, and bevel gears Uwith one of the change wheels 1 Such connection is formed by ashaft uupon which the locking device would operate when cutting spur gears; butsuch locking device is not shown, as its operation is already wellknown, and the drawings, in Figs. 1 and 2, show merely the connectionsrequired for hobbing, with which the motion of the gears would becontinuous. To this end a blank A to form aworm wheel, is shown upon themandrelA, and it is evident that the cutter 0 must be rotated once foreach tooth to be cut in the blank, and that the worm I must thereforerotate the worm wheel H and the mandrel A in a proportional degree. Bymeans of the shafts P and P the cutter is connected directly with theprimary change wheels 1 which may be adjusted to produce suchproportional movement. The secondary change wheels I perform an entirelynew function in such a connection, by afiording the means to increase ordiminish the effect of the ordinary change wheels 1 as the change wheelsI may be removed from their respective shafts I and Gr and others ofsuitable size substituted at any time.

In Figs. 1 and 2, the secondary change wheels I are shown, one twice aslarge as the other, with the smaller wheel upon the worm shaft I, sothat the effect of the ordinary change wheels 1 upon the worm isdoubled. Such effect may be varied in any degree by suitably changingthe wheels 1 thus securing a greater variety of speeds upon the worm,with the same set of change wheels 1 An aperture 0 is formed in the topof the bed Acoincident with the aperture 0' in the cutter head, and longenough to receive the chips discharged by the cutter as the head movesback and forth upon the ways 0.

A pipe 8, for discharging a cooling fluid upon the cutter, is shown inFigs. 1 and 2, connected by a flexible hose 8 with a pump .9, which isset in the pan B The bed is shown cast in one piece, with closed sides,and hollow beneath the surface upon which the cutter head moves.

A passage with a sloping chute S is shown extending from the rear edgeof the opening 0 downward through the bed, toward the front end of thesame, to direct the chips and fluid into aremovable trough T.

An opening is formed in the front end of the bed to insert the trough,and a lip S is formed upon the end of the chute, above the bottom of thepan, under which lip the end of the trough may be inserted to collectthe chips and fluid therefrom. The chute and its lip S are readilyformed by casting within the bed and the chips and fluid are thusdischarged into the trough instead of running down into the pan.

A perforated false bottom T is inserted within the trough T, and outletst are formed below such false bottom to discharge the liquid which isstrained from the chips into the pan 13 The pump .9 draws the liquidfrom the pan by inlet 8 and is set at a considerable distance from thetrough, to settle the impurities from the liquid as it flows from thetrough to the pump. The pump thus supplies the cutter with thelubricant, over and over, in a purified condition.

A goose neck F is projected horizontally from the mandrel head F, and avertical brace F is projected upward from the outer end of the bed andconnected with the outer end of the goose neck to steady the same whenthe mandrel head is adjusted. A bolt f is inserted through a slot f intothe end of the goose neck to form such connection, and is loosened whenthe mandrel head requires adjustment. An arm F is fitted movably uponthe goose neck, and is projected toward the mandrel A and provided atits lower end with an outboard bearing for the mandrel. The socket whichretains the mandrel upon the end of the arm is provided with a cap Bsecured by removable bolts b and the sleeve G is provided with a socketor chuck B havin g a similar cap, so that the mandrel may be removedlaterally from its bearings. The arm F is clamped adjustably upon thegoose neck by screws f and is thus adapted to support a mandrel of anylength, while the bolt fadapts the brace F to hold the goose neck at anyheight.

At the front end of the bed a casing M is shown inclosing the gearingfor the nut 19 which actuates the feed screw a. A shaft d is mounted inbearings cl within the casing and is provided with a clutch sleeve ehaving a gear 0' thereon, engaging with the wheel c upon the nut. At oneend of the clutch sleeve a worm wheel h is fitted to the shaft, and atthe opposite end a spur wheel 01; both wheels being fitted to turnloosely upon the shaft (1 and provided with teeth 6 to engage similarteeth upon the clutch. The spur wheel a is provided with a sleeve 4?.extended through the inner face of the casing and supported in a bearing42. upon its outer side; such bearing being recessed into the front endof the bed A. The casing is provided with a bearing Zfor the shaft L,which is connected with the spur wheel a by intermediates l. Theintermediates turn upon bolts 1 secured in bosses y upon the rear sideof the casing. Shaft L is also connected with the worm wheel h by a Wormj, bevel wheels k, and change wheels m.

Bearings q are provided to sustain the'worm shaft q, and a bearing Z isattached by rib w to the bearing Z, to support a shaft awhich carriesone of the bevel wheels is and one of the change wheels m.

An adjustable frog 1 is provided to sustain the intermediate wheels mwhich are required to connect the change wheelsm, when they are properlyadjusted to produce the desired speed in the worm.

A clutch lever 9, shown in Fig. 2, is provided to shift the clutch,which may be done automatically in the manner common in suchconstructions, as set forth in our application, Serial No. 442,075,filed August 3, 1892. When the clutch is engaged with theworm wheel h, aslow motion is imparted to the cog wheels 0 in a suitable direction tofeed the cutter into the blank; but when the clutch is shifted to engagewith the wheel at, the nut receives motion in an opposite direction, ata much higher rate of speed, through the wheels Z, to retract the cutterquickly from the blank. The nut thus derives a slow motion from the feedshaft L by a train of gearing containing the change wheels m, by whichthe speed of the feed may be varied in any desired degree; while thewheels 11. and Z furnish a separate train for reversing the screwquickly at a uniform'rate of speed.

The bearings for the shaft L, shaft a, shaft d, and shaft q, are castintegral with the casing M, as shown in Figs. 3 to 7 inclusive; whichthus holds the parts firmly in the desired relations, and entirelyprevents their derangement; while it protects the various cog wheelswithin the casing from obstruction by dirt, and protects the operatorfrom contact with such wheels. An aperture M is provided in the front ofthe casing in a suitable position to remove the change wheels at from.the shafts L and u, and to adjust the frog carrying the intermediategears m, and a door M is applied to the opening to exclude the dirttherefrom. The casing is shown open at the bottom, which affords accessto the interior during the manufacture of the casing with its containedbearings. I

A means for raising and lowering the mandrel head F by power is shown inFigs. 1, 2,

and 7. A screw Q is projected downward from the head beneath thesleeveG, and is provided at the bottom with a rotary nut Q journaled atthe bottom of the column having a bevel wheel Q attached thereto. Ashaft R is inserted through one side of the column and provided at theouter end with means to apply a wrench or crank. A shaft R is projectedthrough theopposite side of the column, and provided at its outer endwith a spur wheel R Both shafts are provided with bevel wheels R fittedto the wheel Q. A frog V is fitted to turn upon the shaft R and limitedin its movement bya bolt 02 fitted to a slot n A stud V is fixed to thecolumn and projected through the frog V, and provided upon the outer endwith a sleeve carryin g a cog wheel V and a pulley V The pulley isomitted from Fig. 2. The frog'is furnished with two intermediates,adapted, when one is used, to transmit the motion of the pulley V in onedirection to the not Q; and in the opposite direction when bothintermediates are used. The principal intermediate 12 is pivoted uponthe frog between the wheels R and V and a wheel 11 is pivoted adjacentto the wheel '0 in such position as to mesh therewith, and also with thewheel V when the frog is shifted.

In Fig. 2 the principal intermediate is shown connecting the pulley withthe wheel R which, when the pulley is rotated to the right, as per arrow10 in Fig. 8, operates to turn the nut Q to the right and thus to raisethe mandrel head F. The frog is furnished with a handle V and whenshifted thereby may be secured by a nut upon the bolt n When moved intoa reversed position to that shown in Fig. 2, the intermediate 12 wouldbe disengaged from the wheel V and the motion would be transmittedthrough both the inreversing the motion as desired and-lowering themandrel head F. The pulley V is driven by belt connection with a pulleyJ 3 upon the shaft J, and when it is desired to raise or lower themandrel head through a considerable space the frog would be placed inthe desired position to move the head upward or downward. When the headis set approximately in its required position, the motion of the nut maybe stopped by shifting the frog to an intermediate position, in whichcase neither of the wheels 11 or 0 would engage the wheel V and thepulley V would therefore revolve without affecting the nut. A thumb nutupon the bolts 12, operates to hold the frog in such inoperativeposition when required. The shaft B may then be actuated by a crank orwrench to adjust the head accurately. The hand-shaft R is also used infeeding the blank toward the cutters from time to time as may berequired, by moving the mandrel head toward the bed A. The rotary nut 19for the feed screw a is in like manner provided with a hand-shaft aconnected with the nut by bevel wheels 0 The shaft is mounted in abearing 0 adjacent to the nut bearing b, and is arranged to shiftlongitudinally to disengage the wheels 0 when the cutter head isactuated by the automatic devices. The shaft 0 is furnished with twogrooves .9 and a sliding key 5 is fitted to a slot in the bearing toengage either groove at pleasure, and to thus to hold the shaft in orout of gear with the wheel 0 The shaft is .termediates o and V to thewheels R thus provided with a crank for turning it by hand,

and when the gears c are engaged the cutter head may be adjusted uponthe bed into any desired position, and the worm wheel h then engagedwith the gear 0 to feed the cutter automatically.

It will be fully understood that the machine described herein isintended and adapted for cutting spur gears as well as for bobbing wormwheels, in which case a suitable spur cutter would be placedupon thearbor of the spindle N, and the hobbing shaft P would be disconnectedfrom such cutter spindle by removing one of the gears 11 The shaft P isshown of sufficient length adjacent to the gear 01 to slide such gearoutward, and thus disconnect the shaft without wholly removing the gear.A screw 5' in the hub of such gear may be used to hold it in itsoperative or inoperative position. The pulley V being mounted upon astationary stud V may be driven from the shaft J by a chain or othersuitable connection instead of the belt indicated in Fig. 8.

By the improvements above described, we greatly facilitate the use ofthe machine for a wide range'of work and enable the operator to eifectall the desired adjustments with great rapidity.

We have not claimed herein broadly the pan applied to the bed forreceiving a cooling.

fluid, nor the use of chucks with laterally removable caps to sustainthe mandrel A, nor the means for supplying a cutter within the aperture0 with a cooling fluid, as we have made such claims in anotherapplication, Se-

rial No. 442,075, filed August 3, 1892, for im-.

provement in gear cutting machines. We have however claimed herein thecombination of the sockets with laterally removable caps in connectionwith a goose-neck afiixed to the mandrel head.

Having thus set forth the nature of the invention, what is claimedherein is 1. In a gear cutter having a worm wheel, a worm and worm shaftto rotate the blank, and primary change-wheels to regulate theintermittent movement of the blank, the combination, with the wormshaft, of an auxiliary shaft connected with the said change-wheels, andsecondary change-wheels connecting the auxiliary shaft with the wormshaft, to vary the operation of the primary change-wheels upon the wormand the blank, substantially as herein set forth.

2. A gear cutting machine comprising the horizontal cast metal bed Ahaving the pan B about the bottom, and having closed sides and anopening in its end, an aperture extending through the top of the bed, asloping chute beneath the aperture extended toward the opening, thecutter head D carrying the cutter spindle and mounted movably upon thetop of the bed and having an aperture in upon one end of the bed, withthe mandrel head F adjustable vertically thereon, to carry the mandreland the blank above the cutter head. substantially as herein set forth.

3. In a gear cutter, the combination, with a bed having a pan beneaththe same, of a movable cutter head with a cutter spindle revolvedthereon, the bed and cutter head having coincident openings to dischargethe chips, a j et pipe for projecting a cooling fluid upon the cutter asloping passage for conducting such chips and fluid into the pan, with alip above the bottom of the pan, a removabletrough fitted beneath suchlip, the trough having a perforated false bottom and an outlet todischarge the fluid, and a pump to elevate the fluid to the cutter,substantially as herein set forth.

4. In a gear cutting machine having a cutter head with aperture in thesame to admit the cutter, and spindle bearings N upon opposite sides ofthe aperture, the combination, with the bearing N of the spindle N witharbor projected partly across the aperture 0', the spindle section itmovable in the bearing, and a threaded connection between the sections,as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In a gear cutting machine having a horizontal bed A with cutter headD movable upon the top of the same, and a column E with mandrel headadjustable vertically thereon, the combination, with the mandrel andmandrel head, of a goose neck provided with an outboard bearing, andchucks with removable caps upon the mandrel bearing and upon theoutboard bearing to hold the mandrel removably, substantially as hereinset forth.

6. In a gear cutting machine .having a horizontal bedA with cutter headD movableupon the top of the same, and a column E with mandrel andmandrel head adjustable vertically thereon, the combination, with themandrel head, of a goose neck projected therefrom, an arm securedadjustably upon such goose neck, and an outboard bearing attachedremovably to the arm to support the outer end of the mandrel,substantially as herein set forth.

7. In a gear cutting machine having a horizontal bed A with a cutterhead D movable upon the top of the same, of a column E upon the innerend of the bed with mandrel and mandrel head adjustable verticallythereon, the combination, with the mandrel head, of a goose neckprojected therefrom, an arm secured adjustably upon the goose neck andprovided with an outboard bearing for the mandrel, and a vertical bracesecured upon the outer end of the bed and having a slotted connection tothe end of the goose neck, as herein set forth.

8. In a gear cutting machine having a bed with cutter head movable uponthe top of the same, and a column with mandrel and mandrel headadjustable vertically thereon, the

the bottom coincident with that leading to] combination,with thecutterhead D,ofascrew the sloping chute, and the vertical column E l afixed thereto, and provided with a rotary nut b a bearing 1) upon thebed to sustain the said nut, a cog-wheelc upon the nut, with sultablegearing to rotate the same automatically, a laterally projecting shaft0. and bear-.

ing 0 adjacent 'tothe said nut, gears c connecting the nut and the shaft0 and means change wheels, anda separate train of gearing for reversingthe movement of the nut, a clutch to engage the separate trainsalternately with the nut, and the casing M inclosing such clutch andtrains of gearing, and having the bearings therefor cast upon suchcasing, as set forth.

10. In a gear cut-ting machine having a bed with cutter head movableupon the top of the same, and a column with mandrel and mandrel headadjustable vertically thereon, the combination, with the cutter head, ofa screw fixed thereto, a rotary nut mounted upon the outer end of thebed, a feed shaft with atrain of gearing connecting the shaft and nut bychange Wheels and a separate train of gearing for reversing the movementof the nut, a clutch to engage the separate trains alternately with thenut, the casing M inclosing such clutch and trains of gearing andhaving, the bearings therefor cast upon such casing, and an aperturewith door in the front of such casing to insert and remove the changeWheels, substantially as herein set forth. 7

11. The means for rotating the cutter spindle in unison with the mandrelin a gear cutting machine, consisting in a bed with cutter head movableupon the top of the same and a column with mandrel head provided with aworm Wheel, a worm, and change wheels for rotating the same mounted adjustably upon the column, a driving shaft with gearing to rotate thecutter spindle, a hobbing shaft supported in bearings transversely uponthe cutter head, spur gears connecting the same at one end with thecutter spindle, and gearing connecting the hobbing shaft with the cutterspindle and with the worm through its change wheels, as herein setforth.

12. The means for rotating the cutter spindle in unison with the mandrelconsisting in a gear cutting machine having a bed with bin g shaftsupported in bearings transversely upon the cutter head, spur gearsconnecting the same at one end with the cutterspindle, a swivel bearingupon the opposite end of the hobbing shaft, and a spline shaft withbevel gears for connecting the hobbing shaft with the worm through itschangewheels, substantially as herein set forth 13. In agear-cuttingmachine having abed with cutter head movable upon the top of the same,and a column with mandrel bearing adjustable vertically thereon, thecombination, with the mandrelbearing, of a nut journaled in one end ofthe column, a screw proj ected from the mandrel bearing through suchnut, a bevel gear with shaft projected laterally through the column, aspur wheel and frog upon the outer end of such shaft, a stud with gearand pulley adjacentto such shaft, and intermediate gears upon the frogadapted to transmit the motion of the pulley, reversibly 'to the spurwheel, substantially as set forth.

14:. In a gear cutting machine havinga bed with cutter head movable uponthe top of the same, and a column with mandrel bearing adj ustablevertically thereon, the combination, with the mandrel bearing, of'a nutjournaled in one end of the column, a screw projected from the mandrelbearing through such nut, 5

.a bevel gear with shaft projected laterally through the column torotate the nut, a spur wheel and frog upon the outer end of such shaft,a stud with gear and pulley adjacent to such shaft, intermediate gearsupon the frog adapted to transmit the motion of the pulley reversibly tothe spur Wheel, and a hand-shaft with bevel wheel to rotate the nutindependently, substantially as herein set forth.

15. In a gear cutting machine having a bed with cutter head movable uponthe top of the same, and a column with mandrel bearing adj ustablevertically thereon, the combination, with the bed, of a single drivingpulley J having a shaft J mounted in fixed bearings thereon, separatetrains of gearing connected with such shaft for rotating the blank, thecutter, and the feeding devices, a nut journaled in one end of thevertical column, a screw projected from the mandrel bearing through suchnut, a bevel gear with shaft projected laterally through the column torotate the nut, a pulleyV with reversible gearing connected to suchshaft, a pulley J upon the shaft J with belt or other suitableconnection to the pulley V the whole arranged and operated substantiallyas herein set forth. I

16. A gear cutter having a bed with cutter head movable upon the topofthe same, a column upon the bed with mandrel head adjustablevertically thereon, a cutter spindle mounted upon the cutter head with afeed screw to actuate the same, a driving shaft mounted in fixedbearings with a driving our hands in the presence of two subscribing 1cwitnesses.

ULRICH EBERHARDT. HENRY E. EBERHARDT. FRED L. EBERHARDT.

\Vitnesses:

EDWARD F. KINSEY, THOMAS S. CRANE.

